Email this article Evolution of medical thermometers: from antique prototypes to the modern devices
- Authors: Zakharova I.N.1, Berezhnaya I.V.1, Kolushkin D.S.2, Kolushkina E.V.3
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Affiliations:
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
- Bashlyaeva Children's City Clinical Hospital
- Children's City Polyclinic No. 148, Moscow
- Issue: No 1 (2026)
- Pages: 41-44
- Section: Articles
- URL: https://pediatria.orscience.ru/2658-6630/article/view/643096
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.26442/26586630.2026.1.203474
- ID: 643096
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Abstract
The article is devoted to the evolution of medical thermometers, from ancient methods of temperature measurement to modern devices. The article considers the history of the creation and development of thermometers, starting with the first methods based on subjective sensations and manual palpation, and moving on to thermoscopes of the 16th–17th centuries, as well as liquid thermometers. Improvements in the design of thermometers and the introduction of standard measurement scales, such as the Celsius and Kelvin scales, are discussed. Modern innovations in thermometry, including electronic and infrared devices, are described.
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About the authors
Irina N. Zakharova
Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
Author for correspondence.
Email: zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4200-4598
D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.
Russian Federation, MoscowIrina V. Berezhnaya
Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
Email: zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2847-6268
Cand. Sci. (Med.)
Russian Federation, MoscowDmitriy S. Kolushkin
Bashlyaeva Children's City Clinical Hospital
Email: zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9056-7112
MD, Pediatrician
Russian Federation, MoscowEkaterina V. Kolushkina
Children's City Polyclinic No. 148, Moscow
Email: zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-0012-8824
MD, Ped.
Russian Federation, MoscowReferences
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