Pediatrics. Consilium MedicumPediatrics. Consilium MedicumПедиатрия. Consilium Medicum2658-66302658-6622Consilium Medicum10063210.26442/26586630.2021.4.201348ArticlesСтатьиReview ArticlePolyunsaturated fatty acids: omega-3 and omega-6 and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseПолиненасыщенные жирные кислоты: омега-3 и омега-6 и неалкогольная жировая болезнь печениhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5684-7575BerezhnayaIrina V.БережнаяИрина Владимировна
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Med.)

канд. мед. наук, доц. каф. педиатрии

berezhnaya-irina26@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4200-4598ZakharovaIrina N.ЗахароваИрина Николаевна
Russian Federation

D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.

д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. каф. педиатрии

zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7994-3751SimakovaMariia A.СимаковаМария Александровна
Russian Federation

Graduate Student

аспирант каф. педиатрии

simakova131@mail.ruSgibnevaAleksandra I.СгибневаАлександра Игоревна
Russian Federation

Resident

ординатор каф. педиатрии

zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ruRussian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional EducationФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России1512202143353401302202213022022Copyright ©; 2021, Consilium MedicumCopyright ©; 2021, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"2021Consilium MedicumООО "Консилиум Медикум"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0https://pediatria.orscience.ru/2658-6630/article/view/100632

The history of the study of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) began over 100 years ago. In 1909. P. Hartley isolated arachidonic acid. Later, 21 years later, Burr and Burr in 1930 showed its positive effect on the growth and development of rats. The important thing about this work was that after reintroduction of PUFAs into the diet of rodents, body functions began to recover. It took over 60 years from the time of the discovery of arachidonic acid to prove its effect on the cardiovascular system. Today, research into the effects of long-chain PUFAs on human health, intelligence, the immune system, neuronal connections, the course of pregnancy and infant health has led to recommendations for the widespread use of foods or supplements containing omega-3 PUFAs. Unbalanced diets in children and adolescents, selective appetite, and eating disorders lead to the development of deficit conditions, cognitive impairment, obesity, and metabolic syndrome with liver damage. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are asymptomatic in the early stages, but it is during this period that the prognosis in children can be changed. This article reviews international recommendations for the integrated use of long-chain PUFAs in the treatment of NAFLD and NASH in children. Supplementation of the diet with high-quality purified fish oil replenishes the requirement, improves disease prognosis, reduces insulin resistance and the level of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD and NASH.

История изучения полиненасыщенных жирных кислот (ПНЖК) началась более 100 лет назад. В 1909 г. P. Hartley выделил арахидоновую кислоту. Позже, через 21 год, Burr и Burr в 1930 г. показали положительное ее влияние на рост и развитие крыс. Важным в этой работе явилось то, что после повторного введения ПНЖК в рацион питания грызунов функции организма стали восстанавливаться. От момента открытия арахидоновой кислоты до доказательства ее влияния на сердечно-сосудистую систему прошло еще более 60 лет. Сегодня изучение влияния длинноцепочечных ПНЖК на здоровье человека, его интеллект, иммунную систему, связи между нейронами, течение беременности и здоровье новорожденных привело к рекомендациям широкого использования пищевых продуктов или биологических добавок, содержащих омега-3-ПНЖК. Несбалансированный пищевой рацион детей и подростков, избирательность аппетита, нарушение пищевого поведения приводят к развитию дефицитных состояний, когнитивных нарушений, ожирения и метаболического синдрома с поражением печени. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени (НАЖБП) и неалкогольный стеатогепатит (НАСГ) на ранних стадиях протекают бессимптомно, но именно в этот период можно изменить прогноз заболевания у детей. В статье рассмотрены международные рекомендации комплексного применения длинноцепочечных ПНЖК в комплексной терапии НАЖБП и НАСГ у детей. Сапплементация пищевого рациона введением очищенного высококачественного рыбьего жира восполняет потребность, улучшает прогноз заболевания, снижает инсулинорезистентность и уровень фиброза печени у пациентов с НАЖБП и НАСГ.

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