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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-6630</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6622</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">602879</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/26586630.2023.3.202304</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Pharynx infectious and inflammatory diseases local etiotropic therapy efficacy comprehensive assessment in preschool and primary school-age children</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Результаты комплексной оценки местной этиотропной терапии инфекционно-воспалительных заболеваний глотки у детей дошкольного и младшего школьного возраста</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4200-4598</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>Irina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Ирина Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. каф. педиатрии им. акад. Г.Н. Сперанского ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО, засл. врач РФ</p></bio><email>zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5164-682X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>Irina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Ирина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Аssistant, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент каф. педиатрии им. акад. Г.Н. Сперанского ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО</p></bio><email>doctor_irina_kuznetsova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherednikova</surname><given-names>Tatiana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чередникова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pediatrician, Children's City Polyclinic №140</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-педиатр, глав. врач ГБУЗ «ДГП №140»</p></bio><email>zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0006-5889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhaeva</surname><given-names>Anastasia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махаева</surname><given-names>Анастасия Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate Student, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Pediatrician, Children's City Polyclinic №140</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант каф. педиатрии им. акад. Г.Н. Сперанского ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО, врач-педиатр, зав. отд-нием ГБУЗ «ДГП №140»</p></bio><email>avmakhaeva305@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7389-0476</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Koshechkin</surname><given-names>Stanislav I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кошечкин</surname><given-names>Станислав Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Knomics LLC</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, ген. дир. ООО «Кномикс»</p></bio><email>st.koshechkin@knomx.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7540-5884</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanov</surname><given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романов</surname><given-names>Владимир Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Res. Officer, Knomics LLC</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ст. науч. сотр., менеджер клинических исследований ООО «Кномикс»</p></bio><email>romanovv@knomx.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1897-4033</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Odintsova</surname><given-names>Vera E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Одинцова</surname><given-names>Вера Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department Head, Knomics LLC</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>рук. отд. анализа данных ООО «Кномикс»</p></bio><email>v.odintsova@knomx.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Children's City Polyclinic №140</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Детская городская поликлиника №140» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Knomics LLC</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Кномикс» (Atlas Biomed Group)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-08-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>135</fpage><lpage>146</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-10-03"><day>03</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-10-03"><day>03</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://pediatria.orscience.ru/2658-6630/article/view/602879">https://pediatria.orscience.ru/2658-6630/article/view/602879</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>. The oropharyngeal microbiota is important in maintaining resistance, eliminating viruses and regulating local protective reactions in response to inflammation in acute respiratory infections.</p> <p><bold>Aim</bold>. To evaluate of the effect of topical etiotropic therapy on clinical manifestations, elimination of viruses and on oropharyngeal microbiota in the treatment of acute infectious inflammation of the throat that occurred as part of acute respiratory infections in children aged 5–10 years.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. 120 outpatient patients randomized into 3 equal groups were treated for 7 days: in Group 1 – 0.2% hexethidine-containing aerosol, in Group 2 – 0.03 mg combined spray gramicidin S and 0.1 mg cetylpyridinium chloride, in Group 3 – 0.01% topical solution containing benzyldimethyl-myristoylamino-propylammonium. Changes in the severity of clinical manifestations were compared (integral indicator – modified Tonsillopharyngitis Severity Score – TSSm for children, the severity of the "sore throat" symptom on the Wong–Baker scale, the severity of local signs of inflammation according to pharyngoscopy data) in groups at Visit 2 (day 5±1) and Visit 3 (day 12±1) compared with the Visit 1. The elimination of acute respiratory infection pathogens was evaluated: polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of oropharyngeal smears obtained on days 1, 3 and 5 (±1) – PCR-1, PCR-2, PCR-3 respectively, with the detection of 12 respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. The state of the microbiota was assessed by sequencing the full-size <italic>16S </italic>gene in samples obtained before and after treatment 1st and 12th (±1) days, and compared with 19 indicators in healthy.</p> <p><bold>Results</bold>. By Visit 3, the decrease in TSSm indicators was: 4.0±1.07 in Group 1; 5.0±1.48 in Group 2 and 4.0±1.02 in Group 3. The intergroup differences between Group 2 and 1, Group 2 and 3 were statistically significant (<italic>p&lt;</italic>0.05). The severity of sore throat by Visit 3 decreased in groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively by 2.0±0.90, 2.5±0.61 and 2.1±0.60, intergroup differences between groups 2 and 1, 2 and 3 had statistical significance at <italic>p&lt;</italic>0.05. The time to achieve complete relief of the disease according to the TSSm indicator was (day, M±SE): 16.6±1.47 in Group 1; 11.9±1.13 in Group 2 and 12.4±1.38 in Group 3, intergroup differences (groups 1 and 2) are significant, <italic>p&lt;</italic>0.05. The time of complete relief from sore throat for groups 1–3 was 12.6±0.96, 8.0±0.87 and 9.4±1.01 respectively, intergroup differences (groups 1 and 2) were significant, <italic>p&lt;</italic>0.05. By Visit 2, the proportion of patients with a negative PCR result increased in Group 1 by 25%, in Group 2 by 43% and in Group 3 by 38%, which corresponded to the elimination of 81, 92 and 74% of viruses detected in groups according to PCR-1 and PCR-2. The microbiota of participants in all groups before treatment differed from the microbiota of healthy in terms of alpha and beta diversity, as well as in terms of indicators obtained by the NearesBalance method. After completion of treatment, changes in the microbiota in terms of beta diversity were observed in all groups compared to the initial state. In contrast to groups 1 and 3, in Group 2 there were statistically significant changes in species-level balances between groups of microbes that distinguish between sick and healthy, towards indicators of healthy.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. Topical etiotropic medications provide rapid relief of complaints and local signs of inflammation in the treatment of patients aged 5–10 years with sore throat in acute respiratory infections and contribute to the rapid elimination of pathogens of acute respiratory infections. A combined preparation containing an antiseptic and a bacteriocin-like antimicrobial peptide gramicidin S provides a more pronounced therapeutic effect at an earlier time and the elimination of 90% of all respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, by the fifth day of therapy, and also has the most sparing effect on the oropharyngeal microbiota compared to antiseptic monopreparations, which may explain its more pronounced anti-inflammatory effect.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность</bold>. Микробиота ротоглотки имеет важное значение в поддержании барьерной функции, элиминации вирусов и регуляции местных защитных реакций в ответ на воспаление при острых респираторных заболеваниях (ОРЗ).</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold>. Оценить влияние топических этиотропных препаратов на клинические проявления, элиминацию вирусов и микробиоту ротоглотки при лечении острого инфекционного воспаления горла при ОРЗ у детей 5–10 лет.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Участие в исследовании приняли 120 амбулаторных пациентов, которых рандомизировали в 3 группы. В течение 7 дней им проводили терапию: в 1-й – аэрозолем с 0,2% гексэтидина, во 2-й – комбинированным спреем с 0,03 мг грамицидина С и 0,1 мг цетилпиридиния хлорида, в 3-й – раствором для местного применения с 0,01% бензилдиметил-миристоиламино-пропиламмония. Сравнивали изменения в выраженности клинических проявлений (интегральный показатель – модифицированная для детей шкала Tonsillopharyngitis Severity Score, TSSm; выраженность симптома «боль в горле» по шкале Вонга–Бейкера; выраженность локальных признаков воспаления по данным фарингоскопии) в группах на 2-м (5±1 день) и 3-м (12±1 день) визитах по сравнению с 1-м. Оценивали элиминацию возбудителей ОРЗ: полимеразная цепная реакция (ПЦР) мазков из ротоглотки, полученных в 1, 3 и 5-й (±1) дни (ПЦР-1, ПЦР-2, ПЦР3 соответственно), с детекцией 12 респираторных вирусов, включая SARS-CoV-2. Состояние микробиоты оценивали методом секвенирования полноразмерного гена <italic>16S </italic>в образцах, взятых до и после лечения, 1 и 12-й (±1) дни, и сравнивали с показателями 19 здоровых ровесников.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. К 3-му визиту показатели TSSm в баллах уменьшились на 4,0±1,07 – в 1-й группе; 5,0±1,48 – во 2-й и 4,0±1,02 – в 3-й. Отличия 2-й группы от 1 и 3-й статистически значимы (<italic>p&lt;</italic>0,05). Выраженность боли в горле в баллах к 3-му визиту снизилась в 1, 2 и 3-й группах соответственно на 2,0±0,90, 2,5±0,61 и 2,1±0,60, показатели 2-й группы статистически значимо отличились от таковых в 1 и 3-й группах при <italic>p</italic>&lt;0,05. Время достижения полного купирования симптомов заболевания по TSSm составило (сутки, M±SE) 16,6±1,47 в 1-й группе, 11,9±1,13 во 2-й и 12,4±1,38 в 3-й, межгрупповые различия (1 и 2-я группы) значимы, <italic>p&lt;</italic>0,05. Время полного избавления от боли в горле в сутках составило 12,6±0,96, 8,0±0,87 и 9,4±1,01 соответственно, межгрупповые различия (1 и 2-я группы) значимы, <italic>p&lt;</italic>0,05. Ко 2-му визиту доля пациентов с отрицательным результатом ПЦР увеличилась в 1-й группе на 25%, во 2-й на 43% и в 3-й на 38%, что соответствовало элиминации 81, 92 и 74% вирусов, детектированных по данным ПЦР-1 и ПЦР-2. По данным секвенирования, микробиота участников всех групп до лечения отличалась от микробиоты здоровых ровесников по показателям альфа- и бета-разнообразия, а также по данным, полученным методом балансов. После лечения во всех группах отмечены изменения микробиоты по показателям бета-разнообразия по сравнению с исходным состоянием. В отличие от 1 и 3-й групп во 2-й зафиксированы статистически значимые изменения балансов на уровне видов микроорганизмов в сторону показателей здоровых ровесников.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Топические этиотропные препараты быстро купируют жалобы и локальные признаки воспаления при лечении пациентов 5–10 лет с болью в горле при ОРЗ и способствуют быстрой элиминации возбудителей ОРЗ. Комбинированный препарат с антисептиком и бактериоциноподобным антимикробным пептидом грамицидином С обеспечивает более выраженный терапевтический эффект в более ранние сроки и элиминацию 90% всех респираторных вирусов, включая SARS-CoV-2, к 5-му дню терапии, а также наиболее щадяще действует на микробиоту ротоглотки по сравнению с монопрепаратами антисептического действия, что может объяснять его более сбалансированное противовоспалительное действие.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>sore throat</kwd><kwd>acute tonsillopharyngitis</kwd><kwd>pharyngitis</kwd><kwd>topical etiotropic therapy</kwd><kwd>cetylpyridinium chloride</kwd><kwd>gramicidin S</kwd><kwd>commensal microbiota</kwd><kwd>virus elimination</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>боль в горле</kwd><kwd>острый тонзиллофарингит</kwd><kwd>фарингит</kwd><kwd>топическая этиотропная терапия</kwd><kwd>цетилпиридиния хлорид</kwd><kwd>грамицидин C</kwd><kwd>комменсальная микробиота</kwd><kwd>элиминация вирусов</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors declare that the laboratory part of the study (PCR and sequencing) was carried out with the support of JSC "Valenta "Pharm" without the participation of this organization in the statistical analysis of the data obtained; the main part of the study, the statistical analysis and the preparation of the publication was carried out in the absence of external funding</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы декларируют, что лабораторная часть исследования (ПЦР и секвенирование) осуществлена при поддержке АО «Валента Фарм», без участия данной организации в статистическом анализе полученных данных; проведение основной части исследования, статистический анализ и подготовка публикации осуществлена в отсутствие внешнего финансирования</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Krüger K, Töpfner N, Berner R, et al. 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