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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-6630</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6622</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">603047</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/26586630.2023.3.202313</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Dysanapsis and its role in the occurrence of chronic obstructive respiratory diseases in children and adults: A review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Дисанапсис и его роль в развитии хронических обструктивных заболеваний дыхательных путей у детей и взрослых</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2396-5054</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khramova</surname><given-names>Regina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Храмова</surname><given-names>Регина Ниязовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate Student, Volga Region Research Medical University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант каф. госпитальной педиатрии ФГБОУ ВО ПИМУ</p></bio><email>reg1705@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1769-3670</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Eliseeva</surname><given-names>Tatyana I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елисеева</surname><given-names>Татьяна Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Volga Region Research Medical University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доц., проф. каф. госпитальной педиатрии ФГБОУ ВО ПИМУ</p></bio><email>eliseevati@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5961-9794</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tush</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Туш</surname><given-names>Елена Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Volga Region Research Medical University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц. каф. госпитальной педиатрии ФГБОУ ВО ПИМУ</p></bio><email>ltus@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7937-722X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpenko</surname><given-names>Maxim A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпенко</surname><given-names>Максим Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, ассистент каф. педиатрии ФГАОУ ВО РУДН</p></bio><email>karpenko.ma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4961-384X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovsyannikov</surname><given-names>Dmitriy Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овсянников</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, зав. каф. педиатрии ФГАОУ ВО РУДН</p></bio><email>mdovsyannikov@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Volga Region Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-08-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>153</fpage><lpage>158</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-10-04"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-10-04"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://pediatria.orscience.ru/2658-6630/article/view/603047">https://pediatria.orscience.ru/2658-6630/article/view/603047</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The literature review, written on the basis of world literature data and the results of the authors' own research, is devoted to an important pathogenetic mechanism of development and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in children and adults – dysanapsis, which is understood as a mismatch in the size or growth of the airways to the volume or growth of the lung parenchyma, while the diameter of the airways is disproportionately smaller than the volume of the lung parenchyma. Modern methods of diagnosis of dysanapsis are based on the use of computed tomography of the chest organs, spirometry (accounting for the volume of forced exhalation in 1 second, forced vital capacity of the lungs, calculation of the coefficient of dysanapsis). Dysanapsis, which has genetic and age-dependent mechanisms of formation, makes an important contribution to the development of bronchial hyperreactivity and bronchial asthma, especially in combination with overweight and obesity, determining the uncontrolled course of asthma. The phenomenon of dysanapsis can be explained by the clinical and functional indicators of the respiratory system (hypoxemia, bronchial obstruction) in premature infants, including patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patients with postinfectious obliterating bronchiolitis. In addition, imbalance is an important pathogenetic component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, causing the defeat of patients with this disease, regardless of the presence and length of smoking.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обзор литературы, написанный на основании мировых литературных данных и результатов собственных исследований авторов, посвящен важному патогенетическому механизму развития и прогрессирования хронических обструктивных заболеваний легких у детей и взрослых – дисанапсису, под которым понимают несоответствие размера или роста дыхательных путей объему или росту паренхимы легких, при этом диаметр дыхательных путей диспропорционально меньше объема паренхимы легких. Современные методы диагностики дисанапсиса основаны на использовании компьютерной томографии органов грудной клетки, спирометрии (учет показателей объема форсированного выдоха за 1-ю секунду, форсированной жизненной емкости легких, расчет коэффициента дисанапсиса). Дисанапсис, имеющий генетические и возраст-зависимые механизмы формирования, вносит серьезный вклад в развитие бронхиальной гиперреактивности и бронхиальной астмы, в особенности в сочетании с избыточной массой тела и ожирением, определяя неконтролируемое течение астмы. Явлением дисанапсиса можно объяснить клинико-функциональные показатели респираторной системы (гипоксемию, бронхиальную обструкцию) у недоношенных детей, включая пациентов с бронхолегочной дисплазией, больных с постинфекционным облитерирующим бронхиолитом. Кроме того, дисанапсис – серьезный патогенетический компонент хронической обструктивной болезни легких, обусловливающий поражение данным заболеванием независимо от наличия и стажа курения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dysanapsis</kwd><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>bronchopulmonary dysplasia</kwd><kwd>postinfectious obliterating bronchiolitis</kwd><kwd>chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дисанапсис</kwd><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>бронхолегочная дисплазия</kwd><kwd>постинфекционный облитерирующий бронхиолит</kwd><kwd>хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>GBD 2017: a fragile world. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1683. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32858-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Овсянников Д.Ю., Фурман Е.Г., Елисеева Т.И. 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