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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-6630</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6622</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">636978</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/26586630.2024.2.202976</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Axis "microbiota – gut – eye": a review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ось «микробиота – кишечник – глаз»</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4200-4598</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>Irina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Ирина Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. каф. педиатрии им. акад. Г.Н. Сперанского ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО, засл. врач РФ</p></bio><email>zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2847-6268</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Berezhnaya</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бережная</surname><given-names>Ирина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц. каф. педиатрии им. акад. Г.Н. Сперанского</p></bio><email>berezhnaya-irina26@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1593-0732</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitrieva</surname><given-names>Diana K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитриева</surname><given-names>Диана Кирилловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант каф. педиатрии им. акад. Г.Н. Сперанского ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО, врач-педиатр ГБУЗ «ДГКБ им. З.А. Башляевой»</p></bio><email>dmitrievadi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2181-8138</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pupykina</surname><given-names>Viktoria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пупыкина</surname><given-names>Виктория Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант каф. педиатрии им. акад. Г.Н. Сперанского</p></bio><email>vika-pupykina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashlyaeva Children's City Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Детская городская клиническая больница им. З.А. Башляевой» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>179</fpage><lpage>186</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-13"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-10-13"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://pediatria.orscience.ru/2658-6630/article/view/636978">https://pediatria.orscience.ru/2658-6630/article/view/636978</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Every organ in the human body has its own microbiota, and the eye, a complex multi-component organ, is no exception. Due to the limitations of traditional methods, detailed study of the ocular microbiome began only in 2010 as part of the Eye Microbiome Project, when advances in research methods made it possible to obtain detailed data, although there had been debate previously about whether microorganisms were even able to attach to the ocular surface due to the layers of the tear film, which have antibacterial properties. The cornea, conjunctiva, lacrimal glands and tear film, meibomian glands and microbiome form the microenvironment of the ocular surface, interacting together and resisting irritants, allergens and pathogens. Homeostasis of the ocular microbiota is critical for maintaining the health of the visual organ. Most microorganisms are found on the cornea and conjunctiva, and modern research methods, including 16S rRNA sequencing, have allowed us to establish the "core" of the ocular surface microbiota, identifying the most common types: <italic>Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium,</italic> and <italic>Streptococcus</italic>, although the exact composition of the “core” remains debatable. Many factors can influence the composition of the microbiome, including age, contact lens wear, ophthalmic medications, and antibiotics. Like the microbiome of many other organs, the ocular surface microbiome is influenced by the gut microbiome: this relationship has been called the "microbiota – gut – eye" axis. Within the "gut – eye" axis, healthy gut microbiota produce short-chain fatty acids, indoles, polyamines, and other substances that have a beneficial effect on the immune system and retinal health. The state of dysbiosis leads to disruption of homeostasis, and the increasing inflammatory reaction can contribute to damage to the optic nerve and progression of eye disease. Some ophthalmologic diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degradation, choroidal neovascularization, uveitis, primary open-angle glaucoma, Sjogren's syndrome, dry eye syndrome are associated with dysbiosis of the intestinal microbial composition. Correction of intestinal dysbiosis using various methods can lead to a decrease in the risk of eye diseases, although additional research is needed to discover new methods for treating ophthalmologic pathologies along the "microbiota – gut – eye" axis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Каждый орган человеческого организма обладает собственной микробиотой, и глаз, сложный многокомпонентный орган, не является исключением. За счет ограничения традиционных методов исследования подробное изучение микробиома (МБ) глаза началось только в 2010 г. в рамках проекта «Глазной микробиом», когда благодаря прогрессу методов изучения удалось получить подробные данные, хотя ранее возникали споры, способны ли вообще микроорганизмы прикрепляться к поверхности глаза – слоям слезной пленки, обладающей антибактериальными свойствами. Структуры поверхности глаза формируют роговица, конъюнктива, слезные железы и слезная пленка, мейбомиевы железы, которые дополняются за счет МБ; вместе они противостоят раздражителям, аллергенам и патогенам. Для сохранения здоровья органа зрения критически важен гомеостаз микробиоты глаза. Большинство микроорганизмов располагаются на роговице и конъюнктиве, и современные методы исследования, в том числе секвенирование 16S рРНК, позволили установить «ядро» микробиоты поверхности глаза, выделив наиболее распространенные типы: <italic>Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium</italic> и <italic>Streptococcus</italic>, хотя вопрос точного состава «ядра» остается дискутабельным. На состав МБ способны оказывать влияние многие факторы, в числе которых возраст, ношение контактных линз, прием офтальмологических препаратов и антибиотиков. Как и на МБ многих других органов, на МБ поверхности глаза оказывает влияние МБ кишечника: данная связь названа осью «микробиота – кишечник – глаз». В рамках оси «кишечник – глаз» здоровая микробиота кишечника производит короткоцепочечные жирные кислоты, индолы, полиамины и другие вещества, благотворно воздействующие на иммунную систему и здоровье сетчатки глаза. Состояние дисбиоза может приводить к нарушению гомеостаза, а нарастающая воспалительная реакция – способствовать повреждению зрительного нерва и прогрессированию заболевания глаз. Некоторые офтальмологические заболевания, например диабетическая ретинопатия, возрастная макулярная дегенерация, хориоидальная неоваскуляризация, увеит, первичная открытоугольная глаукома, синдром Шёгрена, синдром сухого глаза, вероятно, связаны с изменением микробного состава кишечника. Коррекция дисбиоза кишечника с применением различных методов приводит к снижению риска развития заболеваний глаз, хотя требуются дополнительные исследования для обнаружения новых методов лечения офтальмологических патологий по оси «микробиота – кишечник – глаз».</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microbiota – gut – eye</kwd><kwd>uveitis</kwd><kwd>glaucoma</kwd><kwd>dry eye syndrome</kwd><kwd>diabetic retinopathy</kwd><kwd>age-related macular degeneration</kwd><kwd>Sjogren's syndrome</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микробиота – кишечник – глаз</kwd><kwd>увеит</kwd><kwd>глаукома</kwd><kwd>синдром сухого глаза</kwd><kwd>диабетическая ретинопатия</kwd><kwd>возрастная макулярная дегенерация</kwd><kwd>синдром Шёгрена</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1 Zhang X, M VJ, Qu Y, et al. Dry eye management: Targeting the ocular surface microenvironment. 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