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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-6630</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6622</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">678084</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/26586630.2025.1.203059</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Urobiome status in children with vesicoureteral reflux. A review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Состояние уробиома у детей с пузырно-мочеточниковым рефлюксом</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9301-7586</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Turov</surname><given-names>Filipp O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Туров</surname><given-names>Филипп Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Scientific and Practical Center of Specialized Medical Care for Children</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. медицинских наук, вед. науч. сотр., детский уролог-андролог</p></bio><email>Filipp_100@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6966-1040</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yatsyk</surname><given-names>Sergey P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яцык</surname><given-names>Сергей Павлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Corr. Memb. RAS</p> <p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>чл.-кор. РАН, д-р мед. наук, проф., рук. Института детской хирургии, проф каф. детской хирургии им. акад. С.Я. Долецкого</p></bio><email>Filipp_100@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9400-7673</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vrublevskiy</surname><given-names>Sergey G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Врублевский</surname><given-names>Сергей Гранитович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, проф., зам. глав. врача по хирургии ГБУЗ «НПЦ спец. медицинских помощи детям», проф. кафедры детской хирургии им. акад. Ю.Ф. Исакова, гл. внештатный детский специалист уролог-андролог</p></bio><email>Filipp_100@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4653-9867</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krapivkin</surname><given-names>Alexey I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крапивкин</surname><given-names>Алексей Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.)</p> <p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, директор, проф. кафедры госпитальной педиатрии им. акад. В.А. Таболина</p> <p> </p></bio><email>Filipp_100@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8030-9926</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korovin</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коровин</surname><given-names>Сергей Афанасьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, проф. кафедры детской хирургии им. акад. С.Я. Долецкого, врач – детский хирург</p></bio><email>Filipp_100@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Scientific and Practical Center of Specialized Medical Care for Children</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Научно-практический центр специализированной медицинской помощи детям им. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Children's Health</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России (Пироговский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashlyaeva Children's City Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Детская городская клиническая больница им. З.А. Башляевой»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-03"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-03"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://pediatria.orscience.ru/2658-6630/article/view/678084">https://pediatria.orscience.ru/2658-6630/article/view/678084</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the main precipitating factor of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children and one of the most debatable and common diseases in pediatric urology and nephrology. The article analyzes foreign publications on the urinary microbiome in children with VUR. Despite disagreements over non-surgical treatment of VUR, continuous antibiotic prophylaxis, which is prescribed for a long time at a prophylactic dosage, is currently considered the standard of care for young children with VUR of varying grades. The urinary microbiome research is at its early stage. Like the gut microbiome, the UT microbiome (urobiome) is formed from the first days of life. One of the most significant factors that can disrupt the development of a healthy microbiome is the use of antibiotics prescribed to children during the first years of life in various dosages for a long time. The study of their effect on the microbial architecture of the gut and the overall microbiome is becoming a key priority of modern research. The primary source of the microbiome is the environment and the intestine. Studies of the change in the composition of the microbiome in young children with VUR who received non-surgical treatment with continuous antibiotic prophylaxis have demonstrated that this group of children is prone to a high concentration of enterobacteria, such as <italic>Klebsiella</italic> spp. and <italic>Escherichia coli</italic>, which increases the risk of exacerbation of UT inflammatory diseases.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Пузырно-мочеточниковый рефлюкс (ПМР) является основным провоцирующим фактором инфекции мочевыводящих путей (МП) у детей и одним из самых дискутабельных и часто встречающихся заболеваний в детской урологии и нефрологии. Цель исследования – анализ зарубежных публикаций, посвященных изучению микробиома мочевыделительной системы у детей с ПМР. Несмотря на разногласия по поводу консервативного лечения ПМР, непрерывная антибиотикопрофилактика, которую назначают длительно в профилактической дозировке, в настоящее время считается стандартом лечения детей раннего возраста с ПМР различной степени. Исследование микробиома мочевыделительной системы находится на начальном этапе развития. Как и микробиом кишечника, микробиом МП (уробиом) формируется с первых дней жизни. Одним из наиболее значимых факторов, которые могут нарушить развитие здорового микробиома, является использование антибиотиков, которые назначают детям в течение первых лет жизни в различной дозировке на длительное время. Изучение их влияния на микробную архитектуру кишечника и общего микробиома становится приоритетом современных исследований. Основным источником микробиома являются внешняя среда и кишечник, а исследования изменения состава микробиома у детей раннего возраста с ПМР, которые получали консервативное лечение в виде непрерывной антибиотикопрофилактики, продемонстрировали, что эта группа детей склонна к высокому содержанию энтеробактерий, таких как <italic>Klebsiella</italic> spp. и <italic>Escherichia coli</italic>, что повышает риск возникновения обострения воспалительных заболеваний МП.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>urobiome</kwd><kwd>vesicoureteral reflux</kwd><kwd>continuous antibiotic prophylaxis</kwd><kwd>urinary tract infection</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>уробиом</kwd><kwd>пузырно-мочеточниковый рефлюкс</kwd><kwd>непрерывная нтибиотикопрофилактика</kwd><kwd>инфекция мочевыводящих путей</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bailey R. 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