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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-6630</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6622</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">687402</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/26586630.2025.2.203333</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The mysterious bifidus factor: A review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Этот загадочный bifidus factor</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4200-4598</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>Irina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Ирина Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. каф. педиатрии им. акад. Г.Н. Сперанского, засл. врач России</p></bio><email>zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2861-5619</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sugian</surname><given-names>Narine G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сугян</surname><given-names>Нарине Григорьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц. каф. педиатрии им. акад. Г.Н. Сперанского ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО, зам. глав. врача ГБУЗ МО ХКБ</p></bio><email>zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2121-4010</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orobinskaya</surname><given-names>Yana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оробинская</surname><given-names>Яна Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент каф. педиатрии им. акад. Г.Н. Сперанского ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО, врач-педиатр поликлиники «Мама и малыш» ГБУЗ МО ХКБ</p></bio><email>zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Khimki Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ Московской области «Химкинская клиническая больница»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>130</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-13"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-13"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://pediatria.orscience.ru/2658-6630/article/view/687402">https://pediatria.orscience.ru/2658-6630/article/view/687402</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Breast milk (BM) is a complex biological mixture that comprises fats, proteins, enzymes, antibodies, and other essential nutrients, providing babies with the necessary energy and serving as a crucial immunological barrier. It plays a key role in the development of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota in newborns, which is dominated by <italic>Bifidobacterium</italic> spp. This selective growth of beneficial bacteria is associated with the presence of oligosaccharides in human milk, which have a prebiotic function. Lack of such beneficial microbial components in children who are not breastfed can lead to impaired gastrointestinal function, making them more susceptible to various infectious agents and diseases. That is why infant formula manufacturers have started experimenting with adding artificially synthesized oligosaccharides to baby food to bring it closer to the BM composition. The next step was the introduction into baby foods of oligosaccharides naturally present in the BM. This approach proved successful: due to the addition of oligosaccharides, the microbiome of children became increasingly similar to that developed during breastfeeding, contributing to the improvement of the health and development of babies. These findings suggest that the oligosaccharides contained in human milk are a bifidus factor. One key component is lacto-N-biose I (LNB), a type I disaccharide that is an important building block of BM oligosaccharides. LNB exhibits potent prebiotic activity, stimulating the growth of various <italic>Bifidobacterium</italic> strains in the intestine and demonstrating significant potential for use in baby’s nutritional products and supplements. Similarly, artificially synthesized galactooligosaccharides and fucosylated oligosaccharide, 2-fucosyl lactose, structurally homologous to BM oligosaccharide, have an anti-inflammatory effect and are widely used in infant formula, complementing the means to support the health of babies.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Грудное молоко (ГМ) представляет собой сложную биологическую смесь, включающую жиры, белки, ферменты, антитела и другие питательные вещества, которые обеспечивают младенцев необходимой энергией и одновременно служат важнейшим иммунологическим барьером. ГМ играет ключевую роль в формировании микробиоты желудочно-кишечного тракта новорожденных, в которой доминируют представители рода <italic>Bifidobacterium</italic>. Этот селективный рост полезных бактерий связывают с наличием в женском молоке олигосахаридов, которые выполняют пребиотическую функцию. Недостаток таких благотворных микробных компонентов у детей, которые не получают ГМ, может привести к нарушению функций желудочно-кишечного тракта, делая их более восприимчивыми к различным инфекционным агентам и заболеваниям. Именно поэтому производители детских молочных смесей начали экспериментировать с добавлением искусственно синтезированных олигосахаридов в детское питание, чтобы приблизить его к составу ГМ. Следующим этапом стало введение в продукты для детского питания олигосахаридов, естественным образом присутствующих в ГМ. Этот подход оказался успешным: благодаря добавлению олигосахаридов микробиом детей становился все более похожим на тот, который формируется при естественном вскармливании, способствуя улучшению здоровья и развития малышей. Такой результат позволяет предположить, что олигосахариды, содержащиеся в человеческом молоке, выступают в роли bifidus factor. Одним из ключевых компонентов является лакто-N-биоза I (LNB), дисахарид первого типа, который является важным строительным блоком олигосахаридов ГМ. LNB обладает выраженной пребиотической активностью, стимулируя размножение различных штаммов <italic>Bifidobacterium</italic> в кишечнике и демонстрируя значительный потенциал для использования в детских питательных продуктах и добавках. Аналогично ему искусственно синтезированные галактоолигосахариды и фукозилированный олигосахарид 2-фукозиллактоза, структурно гомологичный олигосахарилу ГМ, обладают противовоспалительным действием и широко применяются в детских молочных смесях, дополняя арсенал средств для поддержки здоровья малышей.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breast milk</kwd><kwd>bifidus factor</kwd><kwd>oligosaccharide</kwd><kwd>galactooligosaccharide</kwd><kwd>Bifidobacterium</kwd><kwd>microbiota</kwd><kwd>gastrointestinal tract</kwd><kwd>short-chain fatty acids</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>грудное молоко</kwd><kwd>bifidus factor</kwd><kwd>олигосахарид</kwd><kwd>галактоолигосахарид</kwd><kwd>Bifidobacterium</kwd><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>желудочно-кишечный тракт</kwd><kwd>короткоцепочечные жирные кислоты</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Wickes IG. A history of infant feeding. 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