<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-6630</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6622</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">687441</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/26586630.2025.2.203221</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Do we use all the options of topical therapy for upper respiratory tract inflammatory conditions? A review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Все ли возможности топической терапии воспалительной патологии верхних дыхательных путей мы учитываем?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4613-922X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Radtsig</surname><given-names>Elena Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радциг</surname><given-names>Елена Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. учебной частью каф. оториноларингологии Института хирургии </p></bio><email>radsig_e@rsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5090-9269</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulmakova</surname><given-names>Maria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кульмакова</surname><given-names>Мария Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант каф. оториноларингологии Института хирургии </p></bio><email>radsig_e@rsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России (Пироговский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>150</fpage><lpage>154</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-13"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-13"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://pediatria.orscience.ru/2658-6630/article/view/687441">https://pediatria.orscience.ru/2658-6630/article/view/687441</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Anti-infectious immunity is a combination of mechanisms and responses that the body uses to resist external pathogens. The article describes the protective properties of one of these external barriers, the respiratory tract (RT) mucosa, as well as the factors affecting it and ways to correct the consequences of adverse effects. Methods for preventing or reducing the number of seasonal respiratory diseases and reducing the impact of adverse environmental factors are described, and data on the effect of topical drugs on the functional state of the RT epithelium and mucosa in the context of choosing the most "safe" drug without loss of clinical efficacy are presented. New data on the antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity of Euphorbium Compositum® Nasentropfen s nasal spray show that this topical agent helps to maintain the integrity of the epithelial barrier and improves the overall immunological and barrier functions of the RT ciliated epithelium and mucosa.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Противоинфекционный иммунитет – это комплекс защитных сил и реакций организма, противостоящий патогенам окружающей среды. В статье описаны защитные свойства одного из внешних барьеров – слизистой оболочки дыхательный путей (ДП), а также факторы, на него влияющие, и способы коррекции последствий неблагоприятных воздействий. При ответе на вопрос о том, как предотвратить или уменьшить число сезонных респираторных заболеваний и снизить влияние негативных факторов окружающей среды, приведены данные о влиянии топических лекарственных препаратов на функциональное состояние эпителия и слизистой оболочки ДП в контексте выбора наиболее «безопасного» без потери клинической эффективности. Новые данные о противовирусной и противовоспалительной активности препарата Эуфорбиум композитум® Назентропфен С спрея назального показывают, что данный топический препарат поддерживает целостность эпителиального барьера, улучшает иммунологическую и барьерную функции мерцательного эпителия и слизистой оболочки ДП в целом.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>respiratory infections</kwd><kwd>ciliated epithelium</kwd><kwd>mucociliary clearance</kwd><kwd>local immunity</kwd><kwd>topical intranasal drugs</kwd><kwd>anti-inflammatory effect</kwd><kwd>antiviral effect</kwd><kwd>Euphorbium Compositum® Nasentropfen s nasal spray</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>респираторные инфекции</kwd><kwd>мерцательный эпителий</kwd><kwd>мукоцилиарный клиренс</kwd><kwd>местный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>топические интраназальные препараты</kwd><kwd>противовоспалительный эффект</kwd><kwd>противовирусное действие</kwd><kwd>Эуфорбиум композитум® Назентропфен С спрей назальный</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Заболеваемость населения по основным классам болезней. Федеральная служба государственной статистики. Режим доступа: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Zdr2-1.xls. Ссылка активна на 04.02.2025 [Zabolevaemost' naseleniia po osnovnym klassam boleznei. Federal'naia sluzhba gosudarstvennoi statistiki. Available at: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Zdr2-1.xls. Accessed: 04.02.2025 (in Russian)].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Острая респираторная вирусная инфекция (ОРВИ). Клинические рекомендации. 2022. Режим доступа: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/preview-cr/25_2. Ссылка активна на 04.02.2025 [Ostraia respiratornaia virusnaia infektsiia (ORVI). Klinicheskie rekomendatsii. 2022. Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/preview-cr/25_2. Accessed: 04.02.2025 (in Russian)].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Азнабаева Л.Ф. Иммунологические аспекты воспаления верхних дыхательных путей. Вестник оториноларингологии. 2012;77(6):23-6 [Aznabaeva LF. Immunological aspects of inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Russian Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology. 2012;77(6):23-6 (in Russian)].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Радциг Е.Ю., Радциг А.Н., Варавина М.А. Защитные свойства и способы активации слизистых оболочек верхних дыхательных путей. Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии. 2021;66(1):140-6 [Radtsig EYu, Radtsig AN, Varavina MA. Protective properties of the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and methods of their activation. Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics). 2021;66(1):140-6 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.21508/1027-4065-2021-66-1-140-146</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Kudo E, Song E, Yockey LJ, et al. Low ambient humidity impairs barrier function and innate resistance against influenza infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019;116(22):10905-10. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1902840116</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Matsumoto S, Ishii R, Kiuchi C, et al. Effect of Average Relative Humidity on Epistaxis. Cureus. 2023;15(3):e36063. DOI:10.7759/cureus.36063</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Yonghua S, Mehrabi Nasab E, Liuo Y. Effect of Temperature and Humidity on the Allegro-inflammatory Factors and Allergic Rhinitis-related Behavior. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2022;21(6):704-10. DOI:10.18502/ijaai.v21i6.11531</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Akdag M, Bakir S, Alabalik U, et al. Does usage of a room air freshener affect the nasal mucosa? Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2014;28(6):202-8. DOI:10.2500/ajra.2014.28.4105</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Huang D, Taha MS, Nocera AL, et al. Cold exposure impairs extracellular vesicle swarm-mediated nasal antiviral immunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023;151(2):509-25.e8. DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.037</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>McGrath JJC, Thayaparan D, Cass SP, et al. Cigarette smoke exposure attenuates the induction of antigen-specific IgA in the murine upper respiratory tract. Mucosal Immunol. 2021;14(5):1067-76. DOI:10.1038/s41385-021-00411-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Rebuli ME, Glista-Baker E, Hoffman JR, et al. Electronic-Cigarette Use Alters Nasal Mucosal Immune Response to Live-attenuated Influenza Virus. A Clinical Trial. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2021;64(1):126-37. DOI:10.1165/rcmb.2020-0164OC</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Graf P. Adverse effects of benzalkonium chloride on the nasal mucosa: allergic rhinitis and rhinitis medicamentosa. Clin Ther. 1999;21(10):1749-55. DOI:10.1016/S0149-2918(99)80053-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Graf P. Long-term use of oxy- and xylometazoline nasal sprays induces rebound swelling, tolerance, and nasal hyperreactivity. Rhinology. 1996;34(1):9-13.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Graf P, Hallén H. One-week use of oxymetazoline nasal spray in patients with rhinitis medicamentosa 1 year after treatment. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 1997;59(1):39-44. DOI:10.1159/000276903</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Graf P, Juto JE. Sustained use of xylometazoline nasal spray shortens the decongestive response and induces rebound swelling. Rhinology. 1995;33(1):14-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Russo E, Giombi F, Paoletti G, et al. Use, Abuse, and Misuse of Nasal Medications: Real-Life Survey on Community Pharmacist's Perceptions. J Pers Med. 2023;13(4):579. DOI:10.3390/jpm13040579</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Радциг А.Н. Выбор топического деконгестанта для симптоматической терапии назальной обструкции. Фарматека. 2021;28(1):115-8 [Radtsig AN. Choice of topical decongestant for symptomatic treatment of nasal obstruction. Farmateka. 2021;28(1):115-8 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18565/pharmateca.2021.1.115-118</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Dykewicz MS, Wallace DV, Amrol DJ, et al. Rhinitis 2020: A practice parameter update. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;146(4):721-67. DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.07.007</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Siddiqui ZA, Walker A, Pirwani MM, et al. Allergic rhinitis: diagnosis and management. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2022;83(2):1-9. DOI:10.12968/hmed.2021.0570</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Wise SK, Damask C, Roland LT, et al. International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Allergic rhinitis – 2023. International Forum of Allergy &amp; Rhinology. 2023;13(4):293-859. DOI:10.1002/alr.23090</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Rajput C, Ganjian H, Muruganandam G, et al. Euphorbium compositum SN improves the innate defenses of the airway mucosal barrier network during rhinovirus infection. Respir Res. 2024;25(1):407. DOI:10.1186/s12931-024-03030-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Glatthaar-Saalmüller B, Fallier-Becker P. Antiviral action of Euphorbium compositum and its components. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2001;8(4):207-12. DOI:10.1159/000057223</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Ammerschläger H, Klein P, Weiser M, Oberbaum M. Treatment of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract – comparison of a homeopathic complex remedy with xylometazoline. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2005;12(1):24-31 (in German). DOI:10.1159/000082934</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Weiser M, Clasen BPE. Randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind study to investigate the clinical efficacy of the homeopathic medication Euphorbium compositum Nasal Spray S in chronic sinusitis. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 1994;13(1):251-9 (in German).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Zenner S, Metelmann H. Empirical data on therapy with a homeopathic nasal spray. Biomed Ther. 1997;15(3):82-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Raab V. Further therapy experience with Euphorbium compositum nasal drops (metered-dose spray without propellant gas) in the ENT specialist practice. Biologische Medizin. 1982;11(4):176-9 (in German).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Connert WD, Maiwald J. The therapy of rhinopathy: results of application of a biotherapeutic nasal spray. Biol Ther. 1991;9(4):182-92.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Urlea-Schön I, Corgiolu M. Effectiveness and tolerability of Euphorbium compositum SN for the symptomatic treatment of rhinitis in children aged 2–6 years. Eur J Integr Med. 2009;1(4):236 (Abstract PO-023).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Горелов А.В., Зайцева О.В., Геппе Н.А., и др. Резолюция Совета экспертов. Патогенетическая, симптоматическая и саногенетическая терапия острых респираторных инфекций. Вопросы практической педиатрии. 2023;18(5):95-9 [Gorelov AV, Zaytseva OV, Geppe NA, et al. Resolution of the Council of Experts. Pathogenetic, symptomatic and sanogenetic therapy of acute respiratory infections. Vopr. prakt. pediatr. (Clinical Practice in Pediatrics). 2023;18(5):95-9 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.20953/1817-7646-2023-5-95-99</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
