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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-6630</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6622</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">701346</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/26586630.2026.1.203579</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Risk stratification of pedicle screw malposition in «free-hand» technique in scoliosis surgery. A retrospective study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Стратификации риска мальпозиции транспедикулярных винтов при «free-hand» технике имплантации в хирургии сколиоза</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5274-3941</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pimburskiy</surname><given-names>Ivan P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пимбурский</surname><given-names>Иван Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, врач – травматолог-ортопед </p></bio><email>bdfyltvbljd@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0333-3105</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Сhelpachenko</surname><given-names>Oleg B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Челпаченко</surname><given-names>Олег Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, гл. науч. сотр., зам. по лечебной работе, врач – травматолог-ортопед ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей», проф. каф. детской хирургии с курсом анестезиологии и реанимации, рук. отд. травматологии и медицины катастроф ГБУЗ «НИИ НДХиТ – Клиника доктора Рошаля»</p></bio><email>bdfyltvbljd@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6966-1040</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yatsyk</surname><given-names>Sergey P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яцык</surname><given-names>Сергей Павлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Corr. Memb. RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>чл.-кор. РАН, д-р мед. наук, проф., проф. каф. детской хирургии им. акад. С.Я. Долецкого </p></bio><email>bdfyltvbljd@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3698-6011</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zherdev</surname><given-names>Konstantin V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жердев</surname><given-names>Константин Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, гл. науч. сотр., зав. нейро-ортопедическим отд-нием с ортопедией ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей», проф. каф. детской хирургии и урологии-андрологии им. проф. Л.П. Александрова ФГАОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» (Сеченовский Университет)</p></bio><email>bdfyltvbljd@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7542-8218</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Butenko</surname><given-names>Andrey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бутенко</surname><given-names>Андрей Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, traumatologist-orthopedist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач – травматолог-ортопед </p></bio><email>bdfyltvbljd@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology – Doctor Roshal Clinic</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт неотложной детской хирургии и травматологии – Клиника доктора Рошаля» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-20"><day>20</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-16"><day>16</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://pediatria.orscience.ru/2658-6630/article/view/701346">https://pediatria.orscience.ru/2658-6630/article/view/701346</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Posterior correction of pediatric spinal deformities using multisegmental pedicle screw fixation is the gold standard for surgical treatment of scoliosis. However, placement accuracy with the «free-hand» technique varies, and the risk of screw malposition depends on anatomical complexity and deformity parameters, creating the need for a simple preoperative planning tool for risk stratification.</p> <p>Aim. To develop a preoperative planning tool based on radiographic deformity parameters to predict the risk of pedicle screw malposition with the «free-hand» technique.</p> <p>Materials and methods. A single-center retrospective study was performed. Forty-five patients who underwent posterior spinal deformity correction with «free-hand» pedicle screw insertion were included; a total of 696 screws were analyzed. Females accounted for 73.3% (n=33) and males for 26.7% (n=12), median age was 14.0 [12.0; 16.0] years. Idiopathic scoliosis predominated (71.1%, n=32). Screw position was assessed on postoperative CT with multiplanar reconstructions, recording malposition and breach direction (medial, lateral, anterior). Preoperatively, vertebral frontal tilt, sagittal tilt, and vertebral rotation were measured at each instrumented level. A predictive model was built using binary logistic regression with Nagelkerke’s R²; discriminative performance was evaluated by ROC analysis (AUC) and the optimal cut-off was determined using the Youden index.</p> <p>Results. The median preoperative Cobb angle was 69° [61°; 93°]; the postoperative mean Cobb angle was 28±12°, corresponding to a 59% mean correction (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.001). CT identified 148 malpositions (21.3% of screws). Malposition rates increased significantly with increasing frontal tilt and vertebral rotation (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.001). Lateral malpositions were significantly more frequent with greater frontal tilt (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.001), whereas medial malpositions increased with higher rotation compared with anterior and lateral breaches (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.001). In the binary logistic model, both coronal tilt and rotation were significant predictors; the model differed from the null model (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.001) with a Nagelkerke pseudo-R² of 10.3%. Each 1° increase in coronal tilt increased the odds of malposition by 2.7% (OR 1.027; 95% CI 1.013–1.042), and each 1° increase in rotation increased the odds by 5.0% (OR 1.050, 95% CI 1.030–1.070). The AUC was 0.682 (95% CI 0.631–0.733; <italic>p</italic>&lt;0.001). The optimal probability threshold was P=0.212, yielding 70.5% sensitivity and 62.0% specificity; P≥0.212 corresponded to a combination of coronal tilt and rotation of approximately 20° or more at the same instrumented level.</p> <p>Conclusion. The risk of pedicle screw malposition with the «free-hand» technique is significantly associated with vertebral coronal tilt and rotation at the instrumented level, with rotation exerting a stronger effect. When coronal tilt and rotation are approximately 20° or greater, the use of CT-based navigation or additive manufacturing (3D-printing) technologies should be considered, as well as modification of the fixation strategy (e.g., use of hook constructs or omission of screw placement at that level) to improve the safety of pediatric scoliosis correction.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обоснование. Задняя коррекция деформаций позвоночника у детей с применением полисегментарной фиксации транспедикулярными винтами (ТПВ) является «золотым стандартом» хирургического лечения сколиоза. Однако точность имплантации при «free-hand» технике варьирует, а риск мальпозиции зависит от анатомической сложности и параметров деформации, что формирует потребность в простом инструменте предоперационного планирования для стратификации риска.</p> <p>Цель. Разработать инструмент предоперационного планирования на основе рентгенологических параметров деформации для прогнозирования риска мальпозиции ТПВ при «free-hand» технике.</p> <p>Материалы и методы. Проведено одноцентровое ретроспективное исследование. Включены 45 пациентов, которым выполнена задняя коррекция деформации позвоночника с установкой ТПВ по «free-hand» технике, проанализировано 696 винтов. Женщины составили 73,3% (n=33), мужчины – 26,7% (n=12), медианный возраст – 14,0 [12,0; 16,0] года. По этиологии преобладал идиопатический сколиоз – 71,1% (n=32). Положение винтов оценивали по послеоперационной компьютерной томографии (КТ) с мультипланарными реконструкциями с регистрацией факта мальпозиции и направления перфорации (медиальной, латеральной, передней). По предоперационной КТ фиксировали фронтальный и сагиттальный наклоны, ротацию позвонка на уровне каждого винта. Прогностическую модель строили методом бинарной логистической регрессии с оценкой R² Найджелкерка, дискриминационную способность оценивали при помощи ROC-анализа (площади под кривой – AUC) с определением cut-off по индексу Юдена.</p> <p>Результаты. Медиана исходного угла Cobb составила 69° [61°; 93°], послеоперационно среднее значение – 28±12°, средняя коррекция – 59% (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0,001). По данным КТ выявлено 148 мальпозиций (21,3% винтов). Частота мальпозиций статистически значимо возрастала при увеличении фронтального наклона и ротации (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0,001). Установлено, что латеральные мальпозиции статистически значимо учащались при росте фронтального наклона (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0,001), а медиальные – при увеличении ротации по сравнению с передними и латеральными (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0,001). В бинарной логистической модели фронтальный наклон и ротация оказали статистически значимое влияние на вероятность мальпозиции, модель значимо отличалась от нулевой (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0,001), а псевдо-R² Найджелкерка составил 10,3%. Увеличение фронтального наклона на 1° повышало риск мальпозиции на 2,7% (отношение шансов 1,027, 95% доверительный интервал – ДИ 1,013–1,042), увеличение ротации на 1° – на 5,0% (отношение шансов 1,050, 95% ДИ 1,030–1,070). Площадь под кривой составила 0,682 (95% ДИ 0,631–0,733; <italic>p</italic>&lt;0,001). Оптимальный порог вероятности P=0,212 обеспечивал чувствительность 70,5% и специфичность 62,0%, значения P≥0,212 соответствовали сочетанию фронтального наклона и ротации порядка 20° и более на уровне инструментирования.</p> <p>Заключение. Риск мальпозиции ТПВ при «free-hand» технике статистически значимо связан с фронтальным наклоном и ротацией позвонка на уровне инструментации, при этом ротационный компонент оказывает более выраженное влияние. При сочетании фронтального наклона и ротации около 20° и более целесообразно рассматривать применение КТ-навигации или аддитивных технологий или изменения стратегии фиксации – использование крючковых систем или отказ от установки винта на данном уровне.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>scoliosis</kwd><kwd>pedicle screw fixation</kwd><kwd>free-hand technique</kwd><kwd>screw malposition</kwd><kwd>risk stratification</kwd><kwd>spine</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сколиоз</kwd><kwd>транспедикулярная фиксация</kwd><kwd>free-hand техника</kwd><kwd>мальпозиция</kwd><kwd>стратификация риска</kwd><kwd>позвоночник</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Suk SI, Kim JH, Kim SS, Lim DJ. Pedicle screw instrumentation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Eur Spine J. 2012;21(1):S13-22. 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