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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-6630</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6622</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">702003</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/26586630.2025.4.203503</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Nutrition and sleep of a child in the first year of life: A pediatrician needs to know this: A review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Питание и сон ребенка первого года жизни: это нужно знать детскому врачу</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4200-4598</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>Irina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Ирина Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. каф. педиатрии им. акад. Г.Н. Сперанского, засл. врач РФ</p></bio><email>zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2847-6268</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Berezhnaya</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бережная</surname><given-names>Ирина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц. каф. педиатрии им. акад. Г.Н. Сперанского, врач-педиатр, гастроэнтеролог</p></bio><email>zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2121-4010</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orobinskaya</surname><given-names>Yana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оробинская</surname><given-names>Яна Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент каф. педиатрии им. акад. Г.Н. Сперанского</p></bio><email>zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2181-8138</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pupykina</surname><given-names>Viktoria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пупыкина</surname><given-names>Виктория Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент каф. педиатрии им. акад. Г.Н. Сперанского</p></bio><email>zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0335-0704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Churilova</surname><given-names>Viktoriya D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чурилова</surname><given-names>Виктория Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент каф. педиатрии им. акад. Г.Н. Сперанского</p></bio><email>zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashlyaeva Children's City Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Детская городская клиническая больница им. З.А. Башляевой» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>318</fpage><lpage>326</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-30"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-01-30"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://pediatria.orscience.ru/2658-6630/article/view/702003">https://pediatria.orscience.ru/2658-6630/article/view/702003</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Sleep is regulated by circadian rhythms and homeostatic processes and is essential for the health and development of the child. Lack of sleep correlates with behavioral problems, learning difficulties, and an increased risk of various diseases. Functional disorders, in particular infantile colic, are often associated with sleep disorders in infants, which require a comprehensive approach to treatment. The ontogeny of sleep is closely linked to morphological and functional changes in the brain, with sleep playing a critical role in neural network formation, memory consolidation, and synaptic density regulation. The formation of circadian rhythms is a complex process that begins in the prenatal period. Exogenous factors, such as sleep disturbances in a pregnant woman and nutritional factors, can desynchronize the baby's circadian rhythms, with adverse consequences for its health. Factors influencing the formation of circadian rhythms after birth include light, the chrononutrients in breast milk (BM), and the intestinal microbiota. BM is the “gold standard” of nutrition, providing immune protection and normal neurogenesis. The article discusses the role of tryptophan, nucleotides, fatty acids, and melatonin contained in BM in the development of healthy sleep. The role of adapted formulas in cases where breastfeeding is not possible is analyzed, and the importance of using prebiotic-containing formulas to improve infant digestion and sleep is emphasized.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Сон регулируется циркадными ритмами, гомеостатическими процессами и имеет колоссальное значение для здоровья и развития ребенка. Недостаток сна коррелирует с поведенческими проблемами, трудностями в обучении и повышенным риском развития различных заболеваний. Функциональные нарушения, в частности младенческие колики, часто сопровождают нарушения сна у грудных детей, что требует комплексного подхода к коррекции. Онтогенез сна тесно связан с морфофункциональными изменениями головного мозга, при этом сон играет критическую роль в формировании нейронных сетей, консолидации памяти и регуляции синаптической плотности. Формирование циркадных ритмов представляет собой сложный процесс, начинающийся во внутриутробный период. Экзогенные факторы, такие как нарушения сна у беременной и особенности питания, могут десинхронизировать циркадные ритмы ребенка, что имеет неблагоприятные последствия для его здоровья. Факторами, влияющими на становление циркадных ритмов после рождения, являются свет, хрононутриенты грудного молока (ГМ) и микробиота кишечника. ГМ – «золотой стандарт» питания, обеспечивающий иммунную защиту и нормальный нейрогенез. В статье рассматривается роль триптофана, нуклеотидов, жирных кислот и мелатонина, содержащихся в ГМ, в формировании здорового сна. Анализируется роль адаптированных молочных смесей в случаях, когда грудное вскармливание невозможно, а также подчеркивается важность выбора смесей, содержащих пребиотики для улучшения пищеварения и сна младенцев.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sleep</kwd><kwd>infantile colic</kwd><kwd>chrononutrient</kwd><kwd>chrononutrition</kwd><kwd>circadian rhythm</kwd><kwd>sleep disturbance</kwd><kwd>melatonin</kwd><kwd>intestinal microbiota</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сон</kwd><kwd>младенческие колики</kwd><kwd>хрононутриент</kwd><kwd>хронопитание</kwd><kwd>циркадный ритм</kwd><kwd>нарушение сна</kwd><kwd>мелатонин</kwd><kwd>микробиота кишечника</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The paper was prepared with the financial support of the «Nutricia».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Материал подготовлен при финансовой поддержке компании «Нутриция».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>El-Sheikh M, Kelly RJ. 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