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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-6630</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6622</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">702006</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/26586630.2025.4.203547</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The urine microbiome: what's normal and what's pathological? Microbiome-based treatment and prevention of urinary tract infections: A review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Микробиом мочи: что есть норма и что – патология? Микробиом-ориентированное лечение и профилактика инфекций мочевых путей у детей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4200-4598</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>Irina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Ирина Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. каф. педиатрии им. акад. Г.Н. Сперанского</p></bio><email>zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3181-9601</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Osmanov</surname><given-names>Ismail M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Османов</surname><given-names>Исмаил Магомедович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., глав. врач, засл. врач РФ, засл. врач г. Москвы</p></bio><email>zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bekmurzaeva</surname><given-names>Gulfizat B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бекмурзаева</surname><given-names>Гульфизат Баудиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, врач-нефролог, асс. каф. педиатрии им. акад. Г.Н. Сперанского, зав. нефрологическим отд-нием</p></bio><email>zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4550-1502</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anisimova</surname><given-names>Polina D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анисимова</surname><given-names>Полина Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант каф. педиатрии им. акад. Г.Н. Сперанского</p></bio><email>zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0335-0704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Churilova</surname><given-names>Viktoriya D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чурилова</surname><given-names>Виктория Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент каф. педиатрии им. акад. Г.Н. Сперанского</p></bio><email>zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashlyaeva Children's City Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Детская городская клиническая больница им. З.А. Башляевой» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России (Пироговский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>327</fpage><lpage>336</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-30"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-01-30"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://pediatria.orscience.ru/2658-6630/article/view/702006">https://pediatria.orscience.ru/2658-6630/article/view/702006</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Research on the urine microbiome dates back approximately 150 years. Historically, the prevailing view was that the urinary system of a healthy individual is sterile. This paradigm, which seemed unshakable, defined approaches to diagnosing and treating urinary tract infections. Only in the last few decades has the scientific community's opinion on this issue changed radically. Progress in microbiological research has enabled the use of advanced culture and novel molecular genetic methods to identify microorganisms inhabiting the urinary tract. Finally, the well-established dogma of the urine sterility in a healthy person was shattered. Not only bacteria but also viruses and fungi are found in the urine. There is currently no consensus on which composition of the urine microbiota should be considered normal. However, the accumulated data indicate that changes in the urobiome's taxonomic composition can serve as predictors of various pathological processes. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms remain to be further studied. A correlation has been identified between altered urinary microbiota and the development of both inflammatory and non-inflammatory diseases, in particular, benign prostatic hyperplasia, interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome, urolithiasis, overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, and even bladder cancer. Of particular relevance in pediatric practice is the search for methods to prevent and treat urinary tract infections, thereby preserving and maintaining the diversity of microorganisms colonizing this system. One such method is the use of combined herbal medicinal products, such as Canephron N, which has diverse effects due to its active components. A distinctive feature of this herbal medicinal product, along with its multifaceted therapeutic effect, is its antimicrobial activity without inhibiting the commensal microbiota of the urinary tract. Canephron N is a valuable tool in the pediatrician's arsenal, helping maintain the fragile balance of the urobiome and prevent several pathological conditions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>История изучения микробиома мочи насчитывает приблизительно 150 лет. Ранее доминировало убеждение о стерильности мочевой системы здорового человека. Данная парадигма, казавшаяся непоколебимой, определяла подходы к диагностике и лечению инфекций мочевыводящих путей. Лишь в последние несколько десятилетий мнение научного сообщества по этому вопросу радикально изменилось. Прогресс в области микробиологических исследований позволил применить расширенные культуральные и новейшие молекулярно-генетические методы для идентификации микроорганизмов, населяющих мочевые пути. Наконец, так прочно устоявшаяся догма о стерильности мочи здорового человека была разрушена. В моче обнаружены не только бактерии, но и вирусы, грибы. В настоящее время нет единого представления о том, какой состав микробиоты мочи следует считать нормальным. Однако накопленные данные постулируют: изменение таксономического состава уробиома может стать предиктором различных патологических процессов, патогенетические механизмы которых еще предстоит изучить. Выявлена корреляция между нарушением микробиоты мочи и развитием как воспалительных, так и невоспалительных заболеваний, в частности доброкачественной гиперплазии предстательной железы, интерстициального цистита/синдрома болезненного мочевого пузыря, мочекаменной болезни, гиперактивного мочевого пузыря, недержания мочи и даже рака мочевого пузыря. Особую актуальность в педиатрической практике приобретает поиск методов профилактики и лечения инфекций мочевых путей, ориентированных на сохранение и поддержание разнообразия микроорганизмов, колонизирующих данную систему. Одним из таких методов является применение комбинированных фитопрепаратов, таких как Канефрон Н, активные компоненты которого обеспечивают разнонаправленные эффекты. Отличительной особенностью данного фитопрепарата наряду с многогранным терапевтическим воздействием является обеспечение антимикробного эффекта без угнетения комменсальной микробиоты мочевых путей. Канефрон Н представляет собой ценный инструмент в арсенале педиатра, позволяющий сохранить хрупкое равновесие уробиома, обусловливая превенцию ряда патологических состояний.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>urinary tract infection</kwd><kwd>urolithiasis</kwd><kwd>overactive bladder</kwd><kwd>urinary incontinence</kwd><kwd>microbiome</kwd><kwd>urobiome</kwd><kwd>Lactobacillus</kwd><kwd>Canephron N</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфекция мочевых путей</kwd><kwd>мочекаменная болезнь</kwd><kwd>гиперактивный мочевой пузырь</kwd><kwd>недержание мочи</kwd><kwd>микробиом</kwd><kwd>уробиом</kwd><kwd>Lactobacillus</kwd><kwd>Канефрон Н</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Prescott SL. History of medicine: Origin of the term microbiome and why it matters. Human Microbiome Journal. 2017;4:24-5. 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