The history of the creation of special temperature measurement devices in humans

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Abstract

Thermometry has firmly entered our lives. Today, we habitually put the thermometer in the armpit and evaluate the result after 10 min. At the same time, doubts often arise concerning the interpretation of the measurement results, especially in case of severe infections, impaired general well-being, feeling feverish or hot and headache. This article deals with thermometry in light of history of the development of medical thermometers and the assessment of the different types of fever before the development of new technical possibilities for assessing body temperature. In children – especially young children, high fever is not only a symptom of the disease, but also a dangerous factor for the development of complications. The control of body temperature, the detection of the periods of hyperthermia, the efficacy of antipyretic drugs can alleviate the course of the disease and prevent the development of terrible complications (dehydration, cerebral edema, convulsions, etc.). Today, in the period of rapid development of computer technologies, the possibilities of thermometry are also changing. The application of small and lightweight smart devices allows to control the change in child's body temperature, especially during the illness, and to respond in a timely manner to changes.

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Irina N. Zakharova

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Author for correspondence.
Email: zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4200-4598

D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Russian Federation, Moscow

Ismail M. Osmanov

Bashlyaeva Children's City Clinical Hospital; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3181-9601

D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Bashlyaeva Children's City Clinical Hospital, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

Irina V. Berezhnaya

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Email: berezhnaya-irina26@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2847-6268

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Russian Federation, Moscow

Narine G. Sugian

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Email: zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2861-5619

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Russian Federation, Moscow

Irina D. Maykova

Bashlyaeva Children's City Clinical Hospital

Email: zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2700-2607

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Bashlyaeva Children's City Clinical Hospital

Russian Federation, Moscow

Elmira R. Samitova

Bashlyaeva Children's City Clinical Hospital

Email: zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Chief doctor, Bashlyaeva Children's City Clinical Hospital

Russian Federation, Moscow

Tatiana M. Tvorogova

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Email: zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5249-1452

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Russian Federation, Moscow

Dmitrii S. Kolushkin

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Email: zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru

Resident, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Russian Federation, Moscow

Viktoriya V. Pupykina

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Email: zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2181-8138

Resident, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Russian Federation, Moscow

Igor А. Rodionov

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Email: zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru

Resident, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. The predecessors of modern thermometers are the Galileo thermograph and the Van Drebbel thermograph. Galileo Galilei (1564–1642). Cornelis Van Drebbel (1572–1632).

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3. Fig. 2. «Saggi di naturali esperienze fatte nell'Accademia del Cimento», 1667.

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4. Fig. 3. Temperature conversion diagram [10, 11].

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5. Fig. 4. The first electronic clinical thermometer, 1954 (Popular Mechanics Journal. The measurement of body temperature in seconds. 1954. Р. 23).

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6. Fig. 5. Russian thermograph and its application in a smartphone.

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