Iron deficiency syndromes are the basis of a personalized approach to the treatment of anemia in pediatric practice

The erythron’s physiological function is possible only with the normal bone marrow, adequate renal production of erythropoietin and sufficient supply of substrate (iron, protein) to erythroid bone marrow progenitor cells. Any defects of these factors can lead to the development of anemia. Iron deficiency is one of the most common causes of anemia in children. The causes of iron-deficiency erythropoiesis and anemia are different and are called iron-deficiency syndromes (IDS). Allocate absolute iron deficiency, a functional deficiency of iron, iron sequestration and hereditary IDS. Absolute iron deficiency leads to iron deficiency anemia (IDA), iron sequestration to anemia of inflammation, and individual mutations of genes encoding iron metabolism lead to hereditary forms of IDA. In clinical practice, the cause of anemia can be either one iron deficiency syndrome, or a combination of several IDS at once. Complex disorders of erythropoiesis and iron metabolism in patients with anemia can be the cause of resistance to oral iron. Differential diagnosis of the main IDS in individual case allows to choose the more optimal available therapeutic options.

iron deficiency syndromes, anemia, absolute iron deficiency, functional iron deficiency, iron sequestration, children