Dysanapsis and its role in the occurrence of chronic obstructive respiratory diseases in children and adults: A review

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The literature review, written on the basis of world literature data and the results of the authors' own research, is devoted to an important pathogenetic mechanism of development and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in children and adults – dysanapsis, which is understood as a mismatch in the size or growth of the airways to the volume or growth of the lung parenchyma, while the diameter of the airways is disproportionately smaller than the volume of the lung parenchyma. Modern methods of diagnosis of dysanapsis are based on the use of computed tomography of the chest organs, spirometry (accounting for the volume of forced exhalation in 1 second, forced vital capacity of the lungs, calculation of the coefficient of dysanapsis). Dysanapsis, which has genetic and age-dependent mechanisms of formation, makes an important contribution to the development of bronchial hyperreactivity and bronchial asthma, especially in combination with overweight and obesity, determining the uncontrolled course of asthma. The phenomenon of dysanapsis can be explained by the clinical and functional indicators of the respiratory system (hypoxemia, bronchial obstruction) in premature infants, including patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patients with postinfectious obliterating bronchiolitis. In addition, imbalance is an important pathogenetic component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, causing the defeat of patients with this disease, regardless of the presence and length of smoking.

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Regina N. Khramova

Volga Region Research Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: reg1705@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2396-5054

Graduate Student, Volga Region Research Medical University

Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod

Tatyana I. Eliseeva

Volga Region Research Medical University

Email: eliseevati@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1769-3670

D. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Volga Region Research Medical University

Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod

Elena V. Tush

Volga Region Research Medical University

Email: ltus@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5961-9794

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Volga Region Research Medical University

Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod

Maxim A. Karpenko

People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)

Email: karpenko.ma@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7937-722X

Cand. Sci. (Med.), People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)

Russian Federation, Moscow

Dmitriy Yu. Ovsyannikov

People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)

Email: mdovsyannikov@yahoo.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4961-384X

D. Sci. (Med.), People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)

Russian Federation, Moscow

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