Fermented milk products and functional nutrition in children

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Abstract

Even in ancient times, people noticed that sour milk could be not just a food or a way of storing it for a certain period; in some cases, it is a healing drink. Currently, many microorganisms, mainly lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, are used to produce fermented milk products (FMP). Most of the microorganisms have probiotic properties. Also, additional probiotic strains are often introduced into these products, significantly increasing their nutritional, prophylactic and therapeutic value. In addition, prebiotics, most often oligofructose and inulin, can be included in the FMP. Yogurts are widely consumed throughout the world. They are prepared by fermenting milk using Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. Their properties have been well-studied for more than 100 years. The fermentation results in a thick product with an extended shelf life.

Yogurt is a rich source of calcium in bioavailable form and a good source of phosphorus, potassium, vitamins A, B2 and B12. It contains proteins of high biological value and essential fatty acids. FMPs improve lactose cleavage, have an anti-atherogenic effect, reduce blood cholesterol, increase bone density, and have many other favourable properties for the human body. FMPs, particularly yogurts, can be entirely attributed to functional foods and are good for children and adults.

Products intended for children must meet special requirements considering the age-related features of metabolic processes. Thus, probiotic FMPs, including yogurts, positively affect the health of a child and an adult, both healthy and in many diseases. Their regular consumption is advisable throughout a person's life.

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About the authors

Sergey V. Belmer

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: belmersv@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1228-443X
Russian Federation, Moscow

Tatiana A. Kovtun

Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology

Email: belmersv@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0303-6899

Cand. Sci. (Med.), pediatrician

Russian Federation, Moscow

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