Is chronic appendicitis a viable diagnosis? A series of clinical cases

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Abstract

The term "chronic appendicitis" remains a subject of debate and scrutiny in the pediatric community. The diagnosis of "chronic appendicitis" is justified for recurrent pain in the right iliac region, similar to the subacute course of acute appendicitis without clinical and laboratory manifestations of appendix inflammation. This condition can last for months or even years, causing discomfort and reducing quality of life. In such situations, the diagnosis of chronic appendicitis is perceived quite reasonable: the presence of prolonged abdominal pain syndrome (APS) in the right iliac region is implied, with other causes of abdominal pain being ruled out. It is obvious that without clear clinical and instrumental indicators characterizing the concept of "chronic appendicitis", pathophysiological mechanisms of long-term APS development in children, this term can be discredited by unreasonable expansion of indications for appendectomy, as well as poor results of surgical treatment without a reliable guarantee of APS relief in the postoperative period. Thus, the question of the viability and correctness of the diagnosis of chronic appendicitis remains open. The article presents 3 clinical cases with various deviations from the classic clinical presentation of acute appendicitis. A separate line in the practice of pediatric surgeons are considered cases of determining the indications for appendectomy in children with secondary changes in the worm-shaped process, established during surgical interventions for other surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity.

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About the authors

Sergey A. Korovin

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; Bashlyaeva Children's City Clinical Hospital

Author for correspondence.
Email: korovinsa@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8030-9926

D. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

Sergey B. Orobinsky

Bashlyaeva Children's City Clinical Hospital

Email: korovinsa@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-6504-1969

pediatric surgeon

Russian Federation, Moscow

Ekaterina A. Tashirova

Bashlyaeva Children's City Clinical Hospital

Email: korovinsa@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5303-4349

pathologist

Russian Federation, Moscow

Irina N. Zakharova

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Email: korovinsa@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4200-4598

D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.

Russian Federation, Moscow

Yurij Yu. Sokolov

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Email: korovinsa@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3831-768X

D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.

Russian Federation, Moscow

References

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Variants of acute appendicitis in children.

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3. Fig. 2. Plain abdominal radiography: signs of intestinal obstruction.

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4. Fig. 3. Laparoscopy: abscess cavity after draining and pus aspiration.

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5. Fig. 4. Laparoscopy. The appendix is deformed by the peritoneum adhesions.

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6. Fig. 5. Perforation and necrosis of the appendix wall. Staining: hematoxylin-eosin, ×100.

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7. Fig. 6. Necrosis of the appendix wall with purulent exudate. Staining: hematoxylin-eosin, ×100.

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8. Fig. 7. Serous membrane of the appendix with an overgrowth of granulation tissue and deposits of purulent-fibrinous exudate masses on the outside. Staining: hematoxylin-eosin, ×100.

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9. Fig. 8. Laparoscopy. Secondarily changed appendix, previously part of the intussusceptum.

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10. Fig. 9. Acute circulatory disturbance in the wall of the appendix: sharp full blood vessels, hemorrhages, edema, reactive follicular hyperplasia. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, ×40.

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11. Fig. 10. Hemorrhages in the mucous membrane of the appendix. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, ×100.

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12. Fig. 11. Edema, pronounced blood congestion in the serous membrane of the appendix, small foci of lymphocytic infiltration. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, ×100.

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13. Fig. 12. Appendix macroscopically unchanged, deformed by embryonic peritoneal masses.

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14. Fig. 13. Fecal stone in the lumen of the appendix.

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15. Fig. 14. There are no inflammatory changes in the wall of the appendix, acute circulatory disorder, reactive follicular hyperplasia. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, ×40.

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16. Fig. 15. Mucous membrane of the appendix with preserved structure, covered with cylindrical epithelium. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, ×100.

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